Discovering Tactical Shots in Your Games: Ideas for Beginner to Intermediate Players

Louis Lima 07/03/2006 7 comments

Chess players often enjoy solving tactical puzzles in order to improve their combinational abilities. We can find these challenges in books on tactics, our favorite chess magazine, the chess column at the local newspaper, educational software, or websites dedicated to the subject. The authors of these puzzles often provide us with one or more bits of the following information…

Chess players often enjoy solving tactical puzzles in order to improve their combinational abilities. We can find these challenges in books on tactics, our favourite chess magazine, the chess column at the local newspaper, educational software, or websites dedicated to the subject. The authors of these puzzles often provide us with one or more bits of the following information:

Who’s turn is it (e.g. White to move)
Number of moves (e.g. Mate in three)
The Tactical Motif (e.g. The group of puzzles is listed under the category “Discovery Check”)
Outcomes (e.g. +/-, =, White to move and stalemate, Black to move and win, etc.)
Choices (e.g. Two or more candidate moves and you must pick the right one.)
The piece to be used in the tactic (e.g. The picture of a Rook above the diagram)
An introduction (e.g. “This position exemplifies the perils of leaving the back rank undefended”)
The chess problem itself (e.g. Often a clue that you need to find “something”)

Some of this information helps us develop our tactical skills, such as solving problems according to tactical motifs. The reality, however, is that no such information is available to us while a game is in progress. How often have we gone over a game after it has ended, only to discover that we missed a simple tactical shot, or lost the game because we oversaw a threat?

In our chess training we might have gone over all of Fred Reinfeld’s 1001 Winning Chess Sacrifices and Combinations thrice. We might be well verse on tactical themes like clearance, pinning, double attack, decoying, etc. - but still miss on these golden opportunities because no angel is telling us there is a mate in three, or that a Queen sacrifice is in order. In the real heat of the battle we have to recognize these critical moments for ourselves.

To compound the problem, a player has to deal with tournament time controls. When should we invest the time in looking for a tactical shot? We obviously can’t do it at every single move since we need to budget our time effectively. When do we have the green light to explore a position further for tactical opportunities?

Chess positions with tactical opportunities share clues and motifs that give an indication such tactics are present. Through the following ten chess positions I will illustrate these motifs. These examples might contain more than one clue, but only one is sufficient enough reason to probe a position further. It does not mean that there will always be a tactical opportunity, but it might and we do want to miss our chance to play a spectacular move! (or avoid have one be played on us).

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')"> Position No. 1 - Black to Move

NB: please click the highlighted links to view each position referred to in this article

Ozsvath Vs. Honfi

Hungary 1953

This popular position was taken from my second favourite tactical book of all time, the Encyclopaedia of Chess Middlegames (Informant 1980). Imagine the following scenario: You are black and it’s your move. You have 30 minutes left on your clock. Should you quickly parry the threat to your Rook on c8 and move it out of danger? or should you invest some of the precious time left on your clock to look for a tactical shot? This position begs for you to look for tactics because the following five motifs are present:

Your opponent’s King is lined up with your Queen: Whenever one of my heavy pieces is lined up with my opponent’s King I look for tactics. Thanks to this motif there are possibilities of moves such as 1...Nf3+ here.
Knight Forks: Whenever I see the opportunity for Knight forks I take some time to look for tactical shots. Here we see the forking possibilities 1...Nf3+ and 1...Ne2+.
Weak Pieces: Whenever there are weak pieces I look for tactics. Here the Rook on c1 is weak because it has one attacker (the Queen on g5) and one defender (the Queen on e1). Moreover, the Rook on c1 is even weaker because it is indirectly attacked by the Rook on c8 as well. White could explore various things here, such as trying to deflect the Queen from the defence of the Rook, or deflect the Knight in order to win the Rook on c1.
Undefended Pieces: White has an undefended Bishop on b7 and an undefended pawn on b4.
Checks: Whenever I see a check, no matter how silly, I explore the position further. The reason for this is that a check forces your opponent to do something about it. Check is the ultimate forcing move. In this position Black has four checks at his disposal: 1...Qxg2+, 1...Qxc1+, 1...Nxf3+, and 1...Ne2+

Armed with this knowledge we can begin to calculate possibilities. 1...Nf3+ does not work because of 2.Bxf3. 1...Ne2+ does not work because of 2.Nxe2 and the rook on c1 seems to be adequately defended. 1...Rxc3 2.Rxc3 and there is no fork on e2 due to White’s Queen control of this square. 1...Qxc1 2.Qxc1 Ne2+ 3.Nxe2 Rxc1 4.Nxc1 and White emerges a piece ahead. However 1...Qxc1 2.Qxc1 Rxc3 3.Qxc3 Ne2+ and Black wins a piece. White does not need to play 3.Qxc3 and can choose a move like 3.Qf1, but then black has 3...Rc1! and Black will win the Queen either way. Again, if the reader has not been working on his tactical skills then it is unlikely to find the correct solution, let alone the ideas. If they have, the solution can be seen fairly quickly. Based on the above motifs, the player correctly assessed there was “something” in the position, looked further, and had the tactical training to find and execute 1...Qxc1!

1r5r/2pb1pk1/3p1np1/p1qPp3/p1N1PbP1/2P2PN1/1PB1Q1K1/R3R3 b - - 0 1

Another position from the Encyclopaedia of Chess Middlegames. I think this is a very instructive example because it shows the importance of knowing your tactics through practice. Here we have similar clues and new ones:

Although this puzzle was in the advanced section of the book, the answer came to me rather quickly. I wanted to first calculate ways to remove the Queen from the defence of the f2 square, so that I could play the decoy tactic 1...Rh2+ Kxh2 2.Qf2+. I immediately so potential sacrifices on g4, starting with the Knight, so that the Queen would be forced to move after White’s Bishop lands on g4. Thus 1...Nxg4 2.fxg4 Bxg4. Now the Queen is forced to move. The move I analyzed first was 3.Qxg4 to make sure the attack was winning, otherwise I would be down to minor pieces in this solution. 3...Rh2+ (Sacrificing a third piece) 4.Kxh2 Qf2+ 5.Kh3 Rh8+ 6.Nh5+Rxh5 7.Qxh5 Qg3++ or if 5.Kh1 Rh8+ 6.Nh5+Rxh5 7.Qxh5 gxh5 8.Rg1+Kf8 9.Rg2 Qh4+ 10.Rh2 Qxh2++.

Here is another famous position from my favourite book on tactics: Tal’s Winning Chess Combinations by The Russian Grandmaster Mikhal Tal, by Mikhail Tal and Victor Khenkin. This is the most delightful book I’ve ever read on tactics, and if you can get hold of a copy you’ll want to read it over and over again. I wish they could reprint this book. Here we see two familiar motifs and three new ones:

White would like to play 1...Qe1+ so that 2.Rxe1?? Rxe1+ 3.Qf1 Rxf1 mates. However, White can play 2.Qf1! and everything is OK. Bronstein found 1...Rxa3! Taking advantage of the pin on b2, threatening the undefended Queen on d3, and realizing the Rook on a1 cannot depart the back-rank with 2.Rxa3.

This position begs you to look for a killer blow because we have several familiar clues:

Here I found the simple 1.Bf2, threatening the undefended Bishop on h4, while piling up on the pinned Rook on e6.

This is a hypothetical position reached by Bobby Fischer in his analysis of Game 41 Fisher - Robatsch from his book “My 60 Memorable Games. White has four clues we have discussed already:

The solution is 1.g6. White cannot recapture on g6 because of 1...Rxa5, and any pawn capture will be decisive after 2.Qxh7+ or 2.Qh8+

In trying to take advantage of the above factors I found 1.Na4!. Now most moves by Black will be answered by 2.Qxd7+! Qxd7 3.Nb6 forking the King and Rook.

This was my most painful blunder because Tim was the highest rated player I had played so far under regular tournament conditions. Here I neglected to see my weak back-rank weakness coupled with Tim’s control of the h-file, and instead of playing Re7 I played 1...f5?? allowing 2.Qe1+ winning the game. In chess the most painful moments contain the most valuable lessons for a player. One might hear advice such as “Keep your sense of danger at all times”, but we only begin to get the message until this happens to us a few times over the board.

A pawn on the sixth or seventh rank is inches away from coronation, so we must look for ways to push the pawn to the finish line. We reached this position with Harold on move 73. Here White missed his opportunity to wrap things up and played 74.Rg1? and the game was drawn at move 90. However, if he had been hungry to push the f pawn he might have found the winning shot 74.Rg8+! sacrificing the Rook in exchange for two vital tempi needed to get the pawn to the queening square. Now If. 74...Kxg8 75. f7+ Kh7 76. f8(Q) and it’s all over. Or 74...Kh7 Rd8 and nothing can prevent the pawn from moving forward. In all fairness, the game was approaching midnight and we were both tired, besides me having a time handicap due to Harold’s role as TD and needing to spend time doing other things while playing me at the same time.

The last two positions show another typical clue to look for tactics, namely, “Sacrificial Possibilities Around the King”. These sacrifices typically take place on the f2, g2, and h2 squares (f7, g7, h7), or the appropriate squares when the King has castled Queenside.

This position arose after 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 d5 4.exd5 Nf6 5.Nf3 Nxd5 6.cxd4 Nc6 7.Bc4 e6 8.0-0 Be7 9.Nc3 Nxc3 10.bxc3 0-0 11.Bb3 b6 12.Bc2 Ba6 13.Re1 Rc8 14.Bd2 Bc4 15.Qb1 Kh8. Here I tried the sacrifice 16.Bxh7!? g6 17.Bxg6 fxg6 18.Qxg6 Bf6 19.Ng5 Qe7 20.Re3 Bxg5 21.Rh3+ Bh4 22.Bg5 Qg7 23.Rxh4+ Kg8 24.Qxg7+ Kxg7 25.Bh6+ Kg6 26.Bxf8 Rxf8 27.Rg4+ Kf5 28.Rg3 Rc8 29.Rf3+ Kg5 30.Rg3+ Kf5 31.Rf3+ Kg5 32.Rg3+ Kf5 and the computer accepted the draw by repetition of moves as I only had a few minutes left.

Radio Shack C2150 was my first computer boasting a rating of 2150, but its strength seemed to be around 1500. Unlike today’s chess software, this one would make the exact same mistake over and over again. The game went along typical classical dragon lines with 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 9.g4 Bd7 10.Nxc6 bxc6. After beginning its Kingside attack however, the computer played 11.Bg2? Qa5 12.0-0-0 Rfb8 13.a3. Here I finished the computer off with 13...Rxb2! (Tactic: Demolition of pawn structure)14.Kxb2 Nxe4! (Tactic: Clearance of a Diagonal) 15.fxe4 Rb8+ (Tactic: Removal of The Guard) 16.Ka2 Be6+ 17.Nd5 Rb2+ 18.Ka1 Qxa3# 0-1

I presented you with eleven clues or motifs in a position that tells you a tactical shot might be available:

It is my hope that those readers who have been working hard honing their tactical skills can make use of the ideas presented in this article, and help you avoid missing winning shots in their games.

Discovering Tactical Shots in Your Games: Ideas for Beginner to Intermediate Players

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